PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the final moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.